![]() ![]() ![]() Axons from the hypothalamus reach into the posterior pituitary where they release two hormones, oxytocin (OXT) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin), for storage and later release. Capillaries from the superior hypophyseal artery surround the hypophysis and collect hypothalamic hormones that are carried to the anterior lobe of the pituitary via the portal system, where they stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary hormones. These hormones enter the hypophyseal portal system, a network of capillaries that connect the hypothalamus to the pituitary. ![]() The hypothalamus receives nervous signals, processes them, and secretes hormones. The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (which is also called the hypophysis) are part of the diencephalon region of the brain. Directing from the Top: The Hypothalamus Sends Hormones to the Pituitary Gland to Control the Endocrine System In this way hormones can adjust the functions of whole organs and regulate total body processes such as metabolism and growth. The binding triggers a series of actions that change the physiologic behavior of the cell. Others enter the cells and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Some hormones bind to receptors on the surface of target cells. So why do hormones affect only their target cells in particular tissues? Because only those target cells have receptors for that particular hormone. The hormones dissolve in plasma and travel the circulatory pathways through various body tissues. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. ![]()
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January 2023
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